韩国美女激情视频一区二区

   生產和(he)生活(huo)最常見(jian)的(de)鉛(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，可將電(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過化(hua)學反應儲藏(zang)(zang)起來(lai)，到(dao)另一(yi)個(ge)場合或(huo)另一(yi)時段(duan)使用(yong)(yong)。鉛(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)池雖然造價(jia)較低，但也有(you)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)弱點(dian)，諸(zhu)如能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換效(xiao)率較低、電(dian)(dian)池反復充放電(dian)(dian)易老化(hua)導(dao)致使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命短(duan)、比(bi)能(neng)量（Wh/kg）和(he)比(bi)功率（W/kg）小(xiao)使設備笨重、充電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)長等(deng)；現在我們在手(shou)機上使用(yong)(yong)的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池，雖然也有(you)許(xu)多優(you)點(dian)，但它價(jia)格昂貴且(qie)儲藏(zang)(zang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)有(you)限(xian)，不(bu)能(neng)在大功率場合下使用(yong)(yong)；所以正在開發研(yan)制的(de)超級電(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)池，相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)較而言，就(jiu)有(you)著(zhu)一(yi)般(ban)電(dian)(dian)池無可比(bi)擬的(de)優(you)點(dian)，它的(de)前(qian)景不(bu)可限(xian)量。

    結(jie)構

    超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)比通(tong)常的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器大(da)(da)(da)得多。由(you)于其容(rong)量(liang)(liang)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)，對外(wai)表現和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相同，因此也稱作(zuo)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)”或說(shuo)“黃金電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)”。超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也屬(shu)于雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器,它是(shi)目前世界上已投入量(liang)(liang)產(chan)的(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器中容(rong)量(liang)(liang)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)一種(zhong),其基(ji)本原(yuan)理和其它種(zhong)類的(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器一樣,都是(shi)利用活性炭(tan)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質組成的(de)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)層結構獲得超大(da)(da)(da)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)。

    傳統物(wu)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)中儲(chu)存的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能來(lai)源于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷在兩塊極(ji)(ji)板(ban)上的(de)分離(li),兩塊極(ji)(ji)板(ban)之(zhi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)真空(相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)(wei)1)或一層介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)物(wu)質(zhi)(相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)(wei)ε)所(suo)隔離(li),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中A為(wei)(wei)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)面積,d為(wei)(wei)介(jie)質(zhi)厚(hou)度。所(suo)儲(chu)存的(de)能量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中C為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)值(zhi),ΔV為(wei)(wei)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降.可見,若想(xiang)獲得較(jiao)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang),儲(chu)存更多(duo)的(de)能量(liang)(liang),必須(xu)增大面積A或減(jian)少介(jie)質(zhi)厚(hou)度d，但(dan)這個(ge)伸縮空間(jian)有限，導(dao)致它的(de)儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和儲(chu)能量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)小。

    工作(zuo)原理

    雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)中(zhong),采(cai)用(yong)活(huo)性炭材料制(zhi)作成多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji),同時(shi)在(zai)相(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)碳多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間充填電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液(ye),當在(zai)兩端施加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi),相(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)分(fen)別(bie)聚(ju)集正負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子,而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)正負離(li)(li)子將由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)分(fen)別(bie)聚(ju)集到(dao)與(yu)正負極(ji)(ji)板相(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)上(shang),從(cong)而形(xing)成兩個集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng),相(xiang)當于兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)串聯,由于活(huo)性碳材料具(ju)有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)超高比(bi)表面(mian)積(ji)(即獲得了(le)極(ji)(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)面(mian)積(ji)A),而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)與(yu)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)距離(li)(li)不到(dao)1nm(即獲得了(le)極(ji)(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)介質厚度d),根據前面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)計算公式可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出,這種雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)比(bi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)值要大(da)很多(duo),比(bi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高100倍以(yi)上(shang), 從(cong)而使(shi)單位(wei)重量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達100F/g，并且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)內阻還能保(bao)持在(zai)很低的(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)，碳材料還具(ju)有成本低，技術成熟等優(you)點。從(cong)而使(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)進行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能成為可(ke)(ke)(ke)能，且在(zai)實際使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過串聯或者并聯以(yi)提(ti)高輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。