韩国美女激情视频一区二区

   生(sheng)產和(he)(he)生(sheng)活(huo)最(zui)常見(jian)的(de)鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過化(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)(ying)儲藏(zang)起來，到另一(yi)個場(chang)合或另一(yi)時段使(shi)用。鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)雖然造價(jia)較低，但也(ye)有(you)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的(de)弱點(dian)，諸(zhu)如能量(liang)轉(zhuan)換效率較低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)反(fan)復充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)易老化(hua)導(dao)致使(shi)用壽命短、比(bi)能量(liang)（Wh/kg）和(he)(he)比(bi)功(gong)率（W/kg）小使(shi)設備笨重、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長等；現在(zai)我們在(zai)手機上(shang)使(shi)用的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，雖然也(ye)有(you)許(xu)多(duo)優點(dian)，但它價(jia)格昂貴且儲藏(zang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能有(you)限(xian)，不(bu)能在(zai)大功(gong)率場(chang)合下使(shi)用；所(suo)以正在(zai)開發研制的(de)超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，相(xiang)比(bi)較而言，就(jiu)有(you)著一(yi)般(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)無可比(bi)擬的(de)優點(dian)，它的(de)前景不(bu)可限(xian)量(liang)。

    結(jie)構(gou)

    超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)容量(liang)比通常的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器大得多。由于其(qi)容量(liang)很大，對(dui)外表現(xian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相(xiang)同，因此也(ye)稱(cheng)作“電(dian)(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)(dian)池”或說“黃金電(dian)(dian)(dian)池”。超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器電(dian)(dian)(dian)池也(ye)屬(shu)于雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器,它是(shi)目(mu)前世界上已投入量(liang)產的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器中(zhong)容量(liang)最大的(de)一種,其(qi)基本原理和(he)其(qi)它種類的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器一樣,都是(shi)利用活性炭多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質組成的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)結構(gou)獲得超大的(de)容量(liang)。

    傳(chuan)統物理電容中(zhong)(zhong)儲(chu)存(cun)的電能來源(yuan)于電荷在兩塊極板上(shang)的分離,兩塊極板之間為(wei)(wei)(wei)真空(kong)(相對介(jie)電常數為(wei)(wei)(wei)1)或一層介(jie)電物質(zhi)(相對介(jie)電常數為(wei)(wei)(wei)ε)所隔離,電容值為(wei)(wei)(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)A為(wei)(wei)(wei)極板面積,d為(wei)(wei)(wei)介(jie)質(zhi)厚度。所儲(chu)存(cun)的能量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)C為(wei)(wei)(wei)電容值,ΔV為(wei)(wei)(wei)極板間的電壓降.可見(jian),若想獲得(de)較大(da)的電容量(liang)(liang),儲(chu)存(cun)更多的能量(liang)(liang),必須增大(da)面積A或減少(shao)介(jie)質(zhi)厚度d，但這個伸縮空(kong)間有限(xian)，導(dao)致它的儲(chu)電量(liang)(liang)和儲(chu)能量(liang)(liang)較小。

    工作原(yuan)理

    雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器中,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)活(huo)性炭材料制作成(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),同時在相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)充填電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液,當在兩(liang)(liang)端施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時,相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上分別(bie)聚集正(zheng)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子,而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)離子將由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)(yong)分別(bie)聚集到與(yu)正(zheng)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板相(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界面上,從而形成(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)(liang)個集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng),相(xiang)當于兩(liang)(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器串(chuan)聯,由于活(huo)性碳材料具有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)超高比(bi)表面積(即獲得了極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)面積A),而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液與(yu)多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界面距(ju)離不到1nm(即獲得了極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介(jie)質厚(hou)度d),根(gen)據前(qian)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算公式可(ke)以(yi)看出,這種(zhong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器比(bi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)值要大(da)(da)很多(duo)(duo),比(bi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)以(yi)提高100倍以(yi)上, 從而使單位重量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)達100F/g，并(bing)(bing)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻(zu)還能保持(chi)在很低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平，碳材料還具有成(cheng)(cheng)本低，技術(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)熟等優點。從而使利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器進行大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲能成(cheng)(cheng)為可(ke)能，且在實際使用(yong)(yong)時，可(ke)以(yi)通過串(chuan)聯或者并(bing)(bing)聯以(yi)提高輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。