韩国美女激情视频一区二区

   生(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活最常見(jian)的(de)鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可將電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)通過化學反應儲藏起來，到另一個場合(he)或另一時段使(shi)用(yong)。鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)雖然造價(jia)較低(di)，但(dan)也(ye)有相應的(de)弱點，諸如(ru)能(neng)(neng)量轉換效率較低(di)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)反復充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)易老化導致使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)短、比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量（Wh/kg）和(he)比(bi)功率（W/kg）小使(shi)設(she)備(bei)笨重(zhong)、充電(dian)(dian)時間長等；現在(zai)我們在(zai)手機上使(shi)用(yong)的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，雖然也(ye)有許(xu)多(duo)優(you)點，但(dan)它(ta)價(jia)格昂貴且儲藏電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)有限，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)大功率場合(he)下使(shi)用(yong)；所以(yi)正在(zai)開(kai)發研制的(de)超級電(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，相比(bi)較而言，就有著(zhu)一般電(dian)(dian)池(chi)無可比(bi)擬的(de)優(you)點，它(ta)的(de)前景不(bu)可限量。

    結構

    超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)比通常(chang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器大(da)(da)得多。由(you)于其(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)很大(da)(da)，對外表現和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相同，因此也稱作“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”或說“黃金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也屬于雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器,它(ta)是目前世(shi)界(jie)上已(yi)投入量(liang)(liang)產的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器中(zhong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)最大(da)(da)的(de)一種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)基本原(yuan)理和其(qi)它(ta)種(zhong)(zhong)類的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器一樣,都(dou)是利用活性炭(tan)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)組(zu)成的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層結構(gou)獲得超(chao)大(da)(da)的(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)。

    傳統物理電容(rong)中儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)的(de)電能(neng)來源于電荷在兩塊極(ji)板(ban)上的(de)分離,兩塊極(ji)板(ban)之間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)真空(相對介(jie)(jie)電常數為(wei)(wei)(wei)1)或一層介(jie)(jie)電物質(相對介(jie)(jie)電常數為(wei)(wei)(wei)ε)所隔離,電容(rong)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其(qi)中A為(wei)(wei)(wei)極(ji)板(ban)面積(ji),d為(wei)(wei)(wei)介(jie)(jie)質厚(hou)(hou)度。所儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其(qi)中C為(wei)(wei)(wei)電容(rong)值(zhi),ΔV為(wei)(wei)(wei)極(ji)板(ban)間(jian)的(de)電壓降.可見,若想(xiang)獲得(de)較大(da)的(de)電容(rong)量(liang),儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)更(geng)多的(de)能(neng)量(liang),必(bi)須增大(da)面積(ji)A或減(jian)少介(jie)(jie)質厚(hou)(hou)度d，但這個伸縮空間(jian)有(you)限，導致它的(de)儲(chu)(chu)電量(liang)和(he)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)量(liang)較小。

    工作(zuo)原理

    雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)中,采用(yong)活(huo)性炭材料(liao)制作成多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),同時(shi)在相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之間充填(tian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質溶液(ye),當(dang)在兩(liang)端施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi),相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)(shang)分(fen)別(bie)聚(ju)集正負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子,而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質溶液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)正負離子將由于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)分(fen)別(bie)聚(ju)集到(dao)與正負極(ji)板相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang),從(cong)而(er)(er)形成兩(liang)個(ge)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層,相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian),由于(yu)(yu)活(huo)性碳材料(liao)具有(you)≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)(de)超高(gao)比表面(mian)(mian)積(即獲(huo)得了極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)面(mian)(mian)積A),而(er)(er)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)與多(duo)(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)距離不到(dao)1nm(即獲(huo)得了極(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)介質厚度d),根(gen)據前面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計算公式(shi)可以(yi)看出(chu),這種雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)比傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)容值要大(da)很多(duo)(duo),比容量(liang)可以(yi)提高(gao)100倍以(yi)上(shang)(shang), 從(cong)而(er)(er)使(shi)單位重(zhong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)可達100F/g，并(bing)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻還能(neng)保持在很低的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平，碳材料(liao)還具有(you)成本低，技術成熟等(deng)優點。從(cong)而(er)(er)使(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)進(jin)行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲能(neng)成為可能(neng)，且在實際使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，可以(yi)通過串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)或者(zhe)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)以(yi)提高(gao)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。